This study examines issues, progress and challenges in global efforts to achieve sustainable mobility of freight and people using inland modes of transport. While transport is a precondition for social and economic interactions, it has negative impacts (crashes, pollution and greenhouse gas emissions). The study identifies main challenges and opportunities to accelerate transition to sustainability. It promotes an understanding of the five defining dimensions of sustainable transport - accessibility, affordability, safety, security and environmental performance. It brings theoretical insights and best practices from around the world and maps similarities and differences among countries in their efforts towards sustainability.