The Guest Editors have invited top experts in their fields to write current state-of-the-art clinical reviews on retinopathy of prematurity. Articles are devoted to incidence, the biology of ROP, How Knowledge of the Pathogenesis Continues to Guide Treatment, The Challenge of Screening Using Tele-Ophthalmology, Algorithms for Detection of ROP Based on Weight Gain, Current and Future Treatment of ROP, Setting Up an ROP Program - Interaction of Neonatology, Nursing and Ophthalmology, ROP and the Oxygen Conundrum: Lessons from Recent Randomized Trials, OCT in ROP-Looking Beyond the Vessels, Outcome of ROP. A special article is devoted to outcomes from the 3rd World ROP Congress (Oct 14-16, 2012).