The Study calls for governments to put in place action-orientated science, technology and innovation (STI) programmes aligned to development strategies to meet the ambitions of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It proposes a conceptual framework for STI that is bound by the principles of openness, inclusivity and collaboration, and moves the focus beyond the economic to integrate the social and environmental pillars of sustainable development. The Study concludes by recommending areas for action by Member States to create an enabling environment for STI, fully integrating the three pillars in to STI policy, and to facilitate regional STI collaboration.