This Annals volume stems from the two-day conference "Evolving Challenges in Promoting Cardiovascular Health" sponsored by The New York Academy of Sciences, "la Caixa" Foundation, and the International Center for Scientific Debate (ICSD), which took place November 4-5, 2011 in Barcelona, Spain.  Leading and emerging investigators working on the fields of cardiology, vascular disease, inflammation, metabolic disorders, hematology, imaging, regenerative medicine, stem cell research, epidemiology, and nutrition, among others, address novel issues, current challenges, and future directions in the prevention, treatment, and management of the evolving global epidemic of cardiovascular disease. The papers in this volume explore the promotion of cardiovascular health through molecular biology, clinical pathophysiology, and population research.

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