This publication is the proceedings of an international conference which focused on evaluating actions that were undertaken to address recommendations from three previous technical and scientific support organizations (TSO) conferences and on the achievements of the TSO Forum. The conference highlighted the importance of scientific and technical capabilities to support regulatory decision making for enhanced nuclear and radiation safety and security, and explored solutions for the development, maintenance, and enhancement of such capacities, especially in countries newly embarking on nuclear power programmes. In particular, the conference promoted the self assessment methodology developed by the IAEA to support Member States in developing their technical and scientific capabilities. The supplementary files, available on-line, contain the contributed papers and respective posters.