Examines the efforts to bring political order to the English empire through projects of environmental improvement
When Charles II ascended the English throne in 1660 after two decades of civil war, he was confronted with domestic disarray and a sprawling empire in chaos. His government sought to assert control and affirm the King’s sovereignty by touting his stewardship of both England’s land and the improvement of his subjects’ health. By initiating ambitious projects of environmental engineering, including fen and marshland drainage, forest rehabilitation, urban reconstruction, and garden transplantation schemes, agents of the English Restoration government aimed to transform both places and people in service of establishing order. Merchants, colonial officials, and members of the Royal Society encouraged royal intervention in places deemed unhealthy, unproductive, or poorly managed. Their multiple schemes reflected an enduring belief in the complex relationships between the health of individual bodies, personal and communal character, and the landscapes they inhabited.
In this deeply researched work, Kate Mulry highlights a period of innovation during which officials reassessed the purpose of colonies, weighed their benefits and drawbacks, and engineered and instituted a range of activities in relation to subjects’ bodies and material environments. These wide-ranging actions offer insights about how restoration officials envisioned authority within a changing English empire.
An Empire Transformed is an interdisciplinary work addressing a series of interlocking issues concerning ideas about the environment, governance, and public health in the early modern English Atlantic empire.

"To reunite his fractious nation and reestablish English rule in its various overseas colonies, Charles and his advisors promoted a number of projects intended to improve the physical environment, both in England and across the empire. Kate Luce Mulry’s book makes an important contribution to the understanding of those projects—and the many intertwined purposes they were intended to serve. Mulry succeeds in weaving together threads of political history, the history of medicine and public health, and environmental history to tell a compelling story: the Restoration drive to restore the English monarchical state and empire by improving the health, character, and productivity of its restive and far-flung subjects through enhancements to their environment." - Technology and Culture

"An Empire Transformed is a welcome addition to the scholarship on the place of the environment in early modern thought, medicine, politics, and empire. Mulry reveals not only that landscapes and the natural world deeply influenced the way people of the period conceptualized and acted within their world, but also that theorists and governments saw landscapes and bodies as tools of power." - Journal of British Studies

"Situated at the intersection of environmental, imperial, and political history, An Empire Transformed enriches our understanding of the English Atlantic by tracing improvement projects throughout England and its colonies. But one wonders how much of this story is unique to the Restoration." - Agricultural History

"An Empire Transformed is a compelling book that demonstrates the value of work that integrates histories of medicine, science, and the environment and that analyzes domestic and colonial reforms side-by-side... She captures the blend of uncertainty, ambiguity, and ambition that animated schemes for domestic 'improvement' and colonial expansion." - Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences

"A compelling mix of environmental, medical, scientific, and cultural history... the monograph effectively argues for a cultural imaginary in which people and place were in deeply symbiotic relations to one another—an imaginary that shifts between a wide variety of primary sources, from personal letters to epic poetry, and from royalist proposals to legal rulings. As a bonus, it is hard not to read An Empire Transformed as an especially timely commentary on contemporary culture." - The Journal of American History

"Ambitious and expansive... readers will find a wealth of engaging analysis and rich detail on a range of topics showing the importance of notions of improvement to the development of England’s Atlantic empire." - The William & Mary Quarterly