Four years before the outbreak of the First World War, Alfred Thayer Mahan, the world famous naval historian and strategist, warned of the approaching conflict in The Interest of America in International Conditions. Mahan's geo-historical approach compared Imperial Germany's early twentieth-century quest for hegemony to previous attempts by Napoleon's France, Louis XIV's France, and the Austrian and Spanish Hapsburgs to upset the European balance of power. Each previous bid for hegemony brought forth a coalition of powers that restored the balance of power. Mahan foresaw in the early twentieth century that a new coalition of powers, including Britain, France, Russia, and the United States, would be needed to prevent German domination of the continent.