The relationship between science and religion has regained interest in the fields of history of science, social studies of science, and religious studies. An anthropological inquiry into this relationship takes a different turn from a philosophical or epistemological approach. An important contribution of an ethnographic understanding of science and Islam is the ability to generate a cultural critique of philosophical and religious assertions. This book examines how Muslim scientists and engineers, in the global context in which Islam has become an ingredient of identity discourses, are grappling with competing discourses to create new technoscientific outlooks.