The Hellenistic Period witnessed striking new developments in art, literature and science. This volume addresses a particularly vibrant area of innovation: the study of animals and the natural world. While Aristotle and his followers had revolutionized fields such as zoology and botany during the fourth century BC, these disciplines took on exciting new directions during Hellenistic times. Kings imported exotic species into their royal capitals from faraway lands. Travel writers described unusual creatures that they had never previously encountered. And buyers from a range of social levels chose works of art featuring animals and plants to decorate their palaces, houses and tombs. While textual sources shed some light on these developments, the central premise of Art, Science and the Natural World in the Ancient Mediterranean is that our surviving artistic evidence permits a fuller understanding. Accordingly, the study brings together a rich body of visual material that invites new observations on how and why knowledge of the natural world became so important during this period. It is suggested that this cultural phenomenon affected many different groups in society: from kings in Alexandria and Pergamon to provincial aristocrats in the Levant, and from the Julio-Claudian imperial family to prosperous homeowners in Pompeii. By analysing the works of art produced for these individuals, a vivid picture emerges of this remarkable aspect of ancient culture.

"This is a genuinely stimulating book that is set to inspire further interdisciplinary enquiries." - Albert Bates, Classical Review

"This book makes an important contribution to the knowledge of zoology and natural sciences in the Hellenistic age. It does so through the study of a series of artistic testimonies ... The book is methodologically shrewd and was conceived in awareness of the artificial nature of disciplinary demarcations and in awareness of the risk of projecting onto antiquity images of science that are only ours." - Roberto Bondí, Università della Calabria, Bryn Mawr Classical Review

"Thomas skilfully avoids straightforward copyingand imitation, showing adaptation to local needs and aspirations." - Shelley Hales, Greece and Rome