The essential guide to this new landscape of NFTs, Web3, Crypto and DAOs and a warning of the political consequences of what happens when platform capitalism comes for the money in your pocket.

Longlisted for the FT Schroders Business Book of the Year Award 2023 - A BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR: GQ, Los Angeles Times, Wired

Wherever you look, money is being re- placed by tokens. Digital platforms are issuing new kinds of money-like things: phone credit, shares, gift vouchers, game tokens, customer data-the list goes on. But what does it mean when online platforms become the new banks? What new types of control and discrimination emerge when money is tied to specific apps or actions, politics or identities?

Tokens opens up this new and expanding world. Exploring the history of extra- monetary economies, Rachel O'Dwyer shows that private and grassroots tokens have always haunted the real economy. But as the large tech platforms issue new money-like instruments, tokens are suddenly everywhere. Amazon's Turk workers are getting paid in gift cards. Online streamers trade in wishlists. Foreign remittances are sent via phone credit. Bitcoin, gift cards, NFTs, customer data, and game tokens are the new money in an evolving economy. It is a development challenging the balance of power between online empires and the state. Tokens may offer a flexible even subversive route to compensation. But for the platforms them- selves they can be a means of amassing frightening new powers.

An essential read for anyone concerned with digital money, inequality, and the future of the economy.

"An important addition to the growing blockchain canon, written with wit and generosity." - WIRED

"Tokens deftly gives the basic concept that animates cryptocurrency - the titular token - the critical and historical treatment." - LA Times

"Rachel O'Dwyer offers an introduction to the politics of modern tech darlings: from cryptocurrency to Web3. [Tokens] explores the future of money, which O'Dwyer points out is increasingly "being replaced by tokens", and questions what it means when digital platforms become the new banks. While these tokens offer new types of relationships, ownership, and governance, O'Dwyer warns that they also usher in novel forms of surveillance and discipline." - GQ

"A fascinating exploration of things that look like money but aren't quite ... [O'Dwyer] explains everything from crypto heists and the economics of online sex work to the streaming economy of emotes with an amused incredulity allied to a rich source of historical analogies." - The Wall Street Journal

"Shot through with references to philosophy, credit scores and sociological treatises on the nature of money ... [O'Dwyer] leavens the theory with interviews and stories of people who have been sucked into the digital token economy in different ways" - Financial Times

"There's much food for thought in there, often of the kinds that impact our daily lives...O'Dwyer is an engaging, amusing writer." - Popmatters

"A cautionary, comprehensive look at money and its virtual discontents" - Kirkus Reviews

"A groundbreaking exploration of the evolving landscape of tokens beyond the usual critique of financialisation. Through a captivating exploration of history, O'Dwyer reveals the deeply political nature of tokens, shedding light on their enduring presence and demonstrating how today's digital tokens are simply a continuation of humanity's longstanding use of tokens to facilitate a wide range of social processes." - Blockchain Socialist

"A must-read for anyone seeking to navigate this new world and shape a fairer future." - Denizen

"A sharp, accessible deep-dive on just what is going on with crypto" - The Handbook

"[Tokens] raises fascinating questions about the future of money" - We Make Money Not Art

"[A] timely panorama." - Irish Times

"This book offers a deep dive - a very deep dive - into how contemporary tokens work, and the consequences of their use, both for the good and for the bad ... A must-read for anyone who cares about the future of money and what the consequences will be for all of us." - The Arts Fuse

"Riveting" - Prospect

"Impressive ... an invaluable book that is timely, a pleasure to read, politically engaging, and incredibly informative on so many levels." - Neural

"Explores many of the open-ended intriguing questions that arise from tokenisation, and does so in a nuanced way with wit and humour." - Business Insider

"Extensively researched, it's an entertaining account of the ways new electronic platforms are defining new monetary and quasi-monetary forms ... a welcome contribution." - Public Seminar