An insightful examination of how intersecting individual motivations and social structures mobilize spontaneous mass protests.

Between 15 and 26 million Americans participated in protests surrounding the murders of George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor, and others as part of the Black Lives Matter protests in 2020, which is only one of the most recent examples of an immense mobilization of citizens around a cause. In The Rise of the Masses, sociologist Benjamin Abrams addresses why and how people spontaneously protest, riot, and revolt en masse. While most uprisings of such a scale require tremendous resources and organizing, this book focuses on cases where people with no connection to organized movements take to the streets, largely of their own accord. Looking to the Arab Spring, Occupy Wall Street, and the Black Lives Uprising, as well as the historical case of the French Revolution, Abrams lays out a theory of how and why massive mobilizations arise without the large-scale planning that usually goes into staging protests.
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Analyzing a breadth of historical and regional cases that provide insight into mass collective behavior, Abrams draws on first-person interviews and archival sources to argue that people organically mobilize when a movement speaks to their pre-existing dispositions and when structural and social conditions make it easier to get involved—what Abrams terms affinity-convergence theory. Shedding a light on the drivers behind large spontaneous protests, The Rise of the Masses offers a significant theory that could help predict movements to come.

"This book will be important reading for those interested in explaining mobilization generally and delving into how we can better understand more spontaneous mobilizations. In addition, it would be of interest to any scholars or publics interested in the four core cases of analysis. I found the book compelling, beautifully written, and convincing." - Social Forces

"Benjamin Abrams’s important book has resurrected
attention to the dramatic and provided
conceptual tools for making sense of both the
moment of apparent possibility as well as their
aftershocks. It is a must-read." - Mobilization

"Overall, the book is one of the most exciting publications on protest movements in recent years. Abrams clearly identifies an empirical phenomenon that is increasingly occupying authors of protest research: spontaneous mass mobilization. With ACT, he renews existing approaches and brings them together in such a way that different protest mobilizations can be systematically compared. This makes the book equally interesting for readers who are aiming for such a comparative research project as well as for readers who are empirically interested in the contexts examined." - Journal of Comparative Politics