In political theory, the traditional model of state power was that elected officials make policy decisions which are then faithfully executed by a lower cadre of public servants. The complexity of the modern state, however, leaves this model outdate. The vast number of economic and social problems it confronts is such that a great deal of rule-making power is now delegated to a class of civil servants. Yet many political philosophers have not taken this model up, and the field has ignored the important role played by the class of "permanent" state officials--the "deep state" as some call it--in liberal states. In most liberal democracies for example, the central bank is as independent as the supreme court, yet deals with a wide range of economic, social, and political issues. How do these public servants make these policy decisions? What normative principles inform their judgments? In The Machinery of Government, Joseph Heath attempts to answer these questions. He looks to the actual practice of public administration to see how normative questions are addressed. More broadly, he attempts to provide the outlines of a "philosophy of the executive" by taking seriously the claim to political authority of the most neglected of the three branches of the state. Heath both provides a corrective to the prevailing tendency to underestimate the contribution of civil servants to the success of liberal-democratic welfare states, and suggests a more satisfactory account of the principles implicit in public administration.

"Readers will find this book a fresh take on an enduring problem ... there is little doubt it will stimulate lively thought and discussion." - M. E. Ethridge, CHOICE

"A magnum opus on the philosophy and practice of governance in a parliamentary democracy. Heath does an outstanding job of setting out the fundamental arguments for what constitutes good governance by the executive arm of government in a liberal democracy." - David Dodge, former Governor, Bank of Canada

"This is a very important book in the field of public administration. It is incredibly valuable as a way of thinking more deeply about the truths that we have always accepted easily." - David Siegel, Canadian Public Administration