Formal categorization of people presents significant challenges. When politics and law become ethnicized, the pivotal question arises: who is who? This problem surfaced in Moravia after the 1905 Settlement. Other countries faced similar dilemmas decades later, during affirmative action implementation. Contemporary Moravians, like Americans or Brazilians later on, possibly grappled with a clash between traditional individual rights and modern collective rights. The critical inquiry: how far can we limit individual rights for collective rights (nation, race, minority)? Moravia, in the early 20th century, served as the first experimental laboratory.