Stalin’s Niños examines how the Soviet Union raised and educated nearly three thousand child refugees of the Spanish Civil War. An analysis of the archival record and numerous letters, oral histories, and memoirs uncovers a little-known story that describes the Soviet transformation of children into future builders of communism and reveals the educational techniques shared with other modern states. Classroom education taught patriotism for the two homelands and the importance of emulating Spanish and Soviet heroes, scientists, soldiers, and artists. Extra-curricular clubs and activities reinforced classroom experiences and helped discipline the mind, body, and behaviours. Adult mentors, like the heroes studied in the classroom, provided models to emulate and became the tangible expression of the ideal Spaniard and Soviet. The Basque and Spanish children thus were transformed into hybrid Hispano-Soviets fully engaged with their native language, culture, and traditions while also imbued with Russian language and culture and Soviet ideals of hard work, comradery, internationalism, and sacrifice for ideals and others.

Throughout their fourteen-year existence and even during the horrific relocation to the Soviet interior during the Second World War, the twenty-two Soviet boarding schools designed specifically for the Spanish refugee children – and better provisioned than those for Soviet children – transformed displaced niños into Red Army heroes, award-winning Soviet athletes and artists, successful educators and workers, and in some cases valuable resources helping to rebuild Cuba after the revolution. Stalin’s Niños also sheds new light on the education of non-Russian Soviet and international students and the process of constructing a supranational Soviet identity.

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"Besides telling an important story, the book raises a key theoretical question concerning the results of the double assimilation: How viable were its hybrid products and did they remain truly hybrid in the long-term perspective rather than eventually choosing just one part of their complex social identity?"

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"This is a well-researched and insightful book that should find a broad readership among scholars of the Spanish Civil War, refugee movements, and Soviet history."

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"This book is based on rich primary sources, including oral histories, memoirs, official documents from the Spanish archives in Madrid and Barcelona, and Russian archival holdings in Moscow. This broad range of sources creates a balanced, multifaceted narrative that sheds light on the professional dilemmas that children’s mentors and educators faced, as well as the lived experiences of Spanish niños as told in their own words."

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"Qualls offers a unique perspective on the young Spanish Civil War refugees’ lives, while also shedding light on the connection between Soviet foreign and domestic policy on a larger scale."

"“The achievement of this excellent, highly readable, and meticulously researched book should not be understated.”" - Journal of Family History

"“In Stalin’s Niños, Qualls provides an exemplary model of how excellent scholarship can tell memorable stories about extraordinary lives.”" - American Historical Review