This book offers an analysis and summary of the uses, abuses and limitations of attachment theory in contemporary child welfare practice. Analysing the primary science and drawing on the authors’ original empirical work, the book shows how attachment theory can distort and influence decision-making. It argues that the dominant view of attachment theory may promote a problematic diagnostic mindset, whilst undervaluing the enduring relationships between children and adults. The book concludes that attachment theory can still play an important role in child welfare practice, but the balance of the research agenda needs a radical shift towards a sophisticated understanding of the realities of human experience to inform ethical practice.This book offers an analysis of the limitations of child attachment theory as the basis for decision-making in child welfare practice, examining controversies related to increasing diagnoses of ‘attachment disorder’ and the use of attachment specific therapies for children in care. It calls for a new pedagogy of relational welfare that is more considerate of migrant families, refugees, adoptive and surrogate children and families in poverty.