Recognition in the text of the need for constant evaluation of current practice has led to discussion and consideration of alternative methods of obtaining some projections. Throughout, the students are encouraged to evaluate their own practice. Learning and revision are enhanced by the use of photographs and helpful hints that appear with the more formal descriptions of technique. The NRPB and Royal College of Radiologists' recommendations on radiation protection and production of a diagnostic examination with the minimun radiation dose are also taken into account. All general techniques, including skull isocentrics, are covered, as well as techniques that are increasingly being undertaken by radiographers in these days of role extension, for example barium enemas and venograms.