Книга Omnisubjectivity: An Essay on God and Subjectivity

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Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski here explains and defends the idea that the God of the monotheistic religions does not only know all objective facts, but he also perfectly grasps the conscious states of all conscious beings from their own point of view. She calls that property omnisubjectivity. God not only knows that you are in pain, for instance, but is present in your pain, grasping your pain the way you grasp it. The same point applies to every feeling, every belief, every thought, every desire you have. It also applies to the conscious states of animals. Zagzebski begins with an account of what subjectivity is and why it differs from anything in the objective world, then argues that omnisubjectivity is entailed by divine omniscience and omnipresence, divine love and justice, and practices of prayer. She offers three models of how omnisubjectivity is possible: the empathy model, the perceptual model, and panentheism. She answers objections that it is incompatible with other attributes such as timelessness, immutability, impassibility, divine goodness, divine holiness, and infinity. She extends the account of omnisubjectivity to the divine grasp of possible but non-actual subjective states, arguing that God grasps all possible subjective states of all possible conscious beings in his imagination. She then applies the conclusions of the book to the doctrines of the Trinity, the Incarnation, and the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. Many arguments in the book apply to all the monotheistic religions and some arguments apply to monotheistic Hinduism. The book concludes with the claim that subjectivity is primary in the universe. God is intrinsically subjectivity and intersubjectivity. Objectivity is being from the outside viewpoint, and it exists only relative to the created world.

"Omnisubjectivity is recognisably a work of analytic theology and has many of the virtues and deficits of that school." - Oliver Keenan, Ripon College Cuddesdon, Oxford, Modern Believing

"Zagzebski's book is a coherently argued, clearly written, and balanced take on a complex set of themes. As such it is a delight, and an important contribution to the current debate concerning divine metaphysics, especially the question of God's emotions. It also opens up fascinating questions about the central role of subjectivity for metaphysics more generally ... Zagzebski takes subjectivity to be 'a more basic feature of reality than anything else'. As such her book is a stimulating read for anyone interested in these themes." - Maikki Aakko, The Heythrop Journal

"The historical significance of placing divine subjectivity at the forefront of God's knowledge of the world, as is done here by a master practitioner of analytic philosophy of religion." - Jerome Gellman, Reading Religion

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