This book is a practical introduction to the safe operation and control of critical systems in defense, industrial, and healthcare applications. It highlights system engineering processes and presents an overview of the equipment health monitoring (EHM) functional architecture and algorithm design. The book also explores machine learning functions, such as feature extraction, data visualization and model boundaries. The need for intelligent diagnostics and proposed health monitoring framework is increasingly important within sensing technology, big data analytics and grid capabilities. This resource, packed with case studies from industrial and healthcare settings, identifies key problems along with various techniques that address the current issues as well as future developments in the field. A MATLAB code is included to assist engineers with projects in the field.