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The textbook is written in accordance with the modern requirements of higher education and contains topics that will help students to develop a sufficiently complete understanding of the main methodological approaches to analysing the problems of modern societies, as well as their identification, diagnosis and finding effective ways and methods of regulating these problems. In preparing the textbook, the authors used classical and modern research by domestic and foreign authors, which allowed them to characterise the social problems of the national society in organic connection with the trends in the development of the modern world.