The book brings together surveys and analyses that increase awareness of wooden buildings in terms of sustainability and the benefits offered by modern wood-based construction systems in terms of building efficiency. The volume’s contribution to the understanding of efficient and sustainable wood-based constructions arises from the explanation of the authors’ methodology for the evaluation of sustainability and efficiency within selected phases of the life cycle of buildings, a technique that can be used for the evaluation of different types of structural systems and their comparison from various perspectives.