This publication is the proceedings of an international conference with a primary objective to examine Technical and Scientific Support Organizations (TSOs) and their role in the light of the Fukushima Daiichi accident. Through the presentations and discussions, the conference participants assessed the effectiveness of TSOs and explored ways to improve capabilities and strengthen cooperation among TSOs. Other topics addressed included the challenges faced by TSOs when interacting with regulatory bodies, the industry and the public; and the role of TSOs in terms of emergency preparedness and response. The outcome of the conference is summarized in nine recommendations, which include the crucial role of international cooperation and networking among TSOs, as it contributes to increasing experience feedback and provides the information base needed to tackle new