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The anti-fascist novel The War with Salamanders by the famous Czech writer K. Čapek summarises the features of totalitarian ideology and analyses the social preconditions that create conditions for the emergence of such a form of social consciousness. Beginning as an adventure novel with a description of the exotic adventures of Captain van Toch, who discovered large salamanders on unknown islands that can perform simple work, learn human language and use primitive tools, the novel gradually becomes philosophical, filled with reflections on human nature. It contains direct allusions to the facts of international life in the mid-1930s, to certain political, social and cultural figures.