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Hulak-Artemovsky laid the foundations of a new fable, gave the first examples of a romantic ballad, enriched the literary language, and showed an example of masterful versification. He began his active literary career after moving to Kharkiv in 1817, when the Ukrainian Herald published his translations into Russian of works by J.-J. Rousseau, J. Milton, and J. Racine. The poet gained popularity after the publication of the famous fable "The Master and the Dog" in 1818 in the same magazine.

The fable "The Master and the Dog" is the most poignant work of Ukrainian literature of the 19th century. The ideological content is in tune with the aspirations of the time against serfdom, against the treatment of serfs as working cattle. The fable is based on the social conflict between the lord and the serf (in the allegorical image of the dog Ryabko).