This book presents a collection of contemporary documents throwing light on the campaigns by the Royal Navy, in association with the army, on cities of the Spanish Empire in South America, beginning with the (unauthorised) assault on Buenos Aires in 1806, by Sir Home Popham. One of Popham’s aims was to open South America for British trade and also perhaps to liberate the land from its supposed Spanish oppressors, and although the people of Buenos Aires may not have wished to remain as Spanish subjects, it soon became apparent that they had no wish to become British subjects. It was this fact that led to the subsequent loss of Buenos Aires only six weeks after its capture, and the net result of Popham’s interventions was to begin the process of South American independence and the collapse of the Spanish Empire.