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Stoicism is a philosophical school that emerged in Athens around 300 BC during the early Hellenistic period and remained influential until the end of the ancient world. Stoicism flourished throughout the Roman and Greek world until the third century AD. The most prominent representatives of Stoicism in ancient Rome were Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Epictetus and Emperor Marcus Aurelius. Stoicism experienced a decline after Christianity became the state religion in the fourth century AD.

Since then, it has experienced a revival, especially in the Renaissance (neo-Stoicism) and in the modern era (modern Stoicism). Lucius Annaeus Seneca. Moral Letters to Lucilius. Selected aphorisms of Epictetus. What is our good. Aphorisms by Marcus Aurelius. Reflections of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius