Providing more than just a comprehensive history, critical vocabulary, insightful compilation of motivations, and clear explanation of the state-of-the-art of modern clinical trial simulation, this book supplies a rigorous framework for employing simulation as an experiment, according to a predefined simulation plan, that reflects good simulation practices. The book discusses how to clinical trial designs according to their probability for success, techniques to define distributions of virtual subjects' characteristics, methods to determine the sensitivity of the trial design, and the population relationship between dosing schedules and patient response.