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Mykola Ivanovych Mikhnovsky (1873-1924) was a Ukrainian politician and public figure of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His brochure "Independent Ukraine", written in 1900, served for some time as a political programme of the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party. The work was first published in Lviv in 1900. The work deals with political, legal and philosophical aspects of the existence of the Ukrainian nation and state. A significant part of it was an excursion into the history of the Russificationist great-power policy of tsarism. The author considered it necessary and legitimate to return to the status of Ukraine that existed on the basis of the Pereyaslav Treaty of 1654. From the standpoint of international law, he brilliantly analysed Ukraine's relations with Russia, which were supposed to be confederative but were subsequently unilaterally violated by Russia. This gave Ukraine the right to renounce the alliance with Moscow and return to the status of an independent state.