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Part I describes the most essential properties of personality as a psychological phenomenon that is formed and functions in society. The essence of its biological (genetically determined mental properties), social and spiritual nature is revealed. It is shown: correlations between constitutional and anthropometric and mental properties of a person; basic psychological content of dispositions, abilities, temperament, character; regularities of motivational dynamics of relations between a person and society; socio-psychological mechanisms of formation and functioning of a personality; the essence of existential "escapes" of the individual ("Escape to the Crowd", "Escape from Freedom", "Escape from the Absurd"); the basic psychological content of spirituality, morality, conscience, love of neighbour, utilitarian motivation of charity, "existential despair", faith in God as a spiritual choice of the individual. Part II. highlights the main content of the personality theories that formed the modern humanistic paradigm in psychology: psychoanalysis by S. Freud (Freudianism), "individual psychology" by A. Adler, "analytical psychology" by C.G. Jung, E. Erikson's "psychosocial theory of personality", E. Fromm's "humanistic psychoanalysis", C. Horney's "sociocultural theory", A. H. Maslow's "humanistic psychology", and V. E. Frankl's logotherapy. The main content of all methods of personality research (personological) is presented: observation, clinical case studies, correlation analysis, formal experiment, assessment and self-report strategies (interviews, self-report questionnaires, projective questionnaires). For students, postgraduates, teachers of psychology, social pedagogy, social work, and anyone who studies personality