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The textbook examines the essence, structure, types and functions of a political system, explains the concept of a legal system, provides a detailed description of the political and legal systems of Western Europe, Southeast Asia, Latin America, Central and Eastern Europe, India, Muslim countries, and countries with economies in transition, and analyses the problems, criteria and factors of efficiency of these systems. Each chapter is followed by conclusions and control questions. The textbook contains a glossary of terms and a biographical reference book, which allow for a deeper understanding of the material presented. It is intended for university students, teachers, postgraduate students, researchers, and anyone interested in this topic.