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The textbook highlights the theoretical foundations of the methodology of scientific research activities, as well as provides specific recommendations for the implementation of certain types of scientific, educational, research, dissertation and other works. The role of science and scientific research in the modern world, the technology of scientific research by students and young scientists are considered, certain types of qualification works of students and cadets (term papers, bachelor's and master's theses), as well as the requirements and basic rules for their writing and defence are described in detail. The methodology for writing, preparing and defending a PhD and doctoral thesis is described in the last chapter. For students, cadets, postgraduates, adjuncts, doctoral students of higher education institutions and anyone interested in the basics of scientific research methodology.