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The textbook is prepared in accordance with the current requirements of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, built according to the new curriculum for the course of philosophy. The manual consists of three modules. The first module is "Historical Types of Philosophy", which considers the main stages of the development of philosophical thought; the second module is "Major Problems of Philosophy";which includes the problems of ontology, human existence, ethics, society and its development; the third module «Problems of epistemology and theoretical and methodological foundations of logical thinking», which includes the problems of cognition and logic. For each topic of the course, in order to organise and intensify students' independent work, a set of problem-search tasks, topics for essays and reports are offered.

The study guide contains a significant number of tests on all topics of the course, covering theoretical and methodological problems of philosophy, as well as tests and exercises in logic.

The content of the textbook meets the modern requirements for the integration of Ukraine into the European educational space and is focused on the formation of a humanistic worldview and creative approach to solving the problems under study.

The textbook is recommended for students of higher education institutions, as well as postgraduate students taking the PhD exam in philosophy.