This is an automatically translated description

Anthropogenesis as a scientific subdivision of anthropology studies the origin and evolution of humans. Modern anthropological research and the molecular genetic decoding of the human genome show that anthropogenesis was not linear and unidirectional, but rather branched with numerous parallels, dead-end lines and a mosaic distribution of traits. It is proved that Neanderthals are not the ancestors of humans, but a related species with a common ancestor - Heidelberg man, and that the races of modern humans are not separate species, but varieties of the same biological species, Homo sapiens. The textbook reveals the development of ideas about the origin and evolution of humans, the specifics of anthropological research methods, and substantiates the genetic aspects of anthropogenesis, as well as the development, mechanisms, and factors of racialisation.