Many countries are considering the construction of their first nuclear power plant or the expansion of a small nuclear power programme, and some have limited experience in managing radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel. The present revised publication provides a concise summary of key issues related to the development of a sound radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel management system. It is intended to brief countries with small or newly established nuclear power programmes about the challenges of, and to describe current and potential alternatives for, managing reactor waste and spent fuel arising during operation and decommissioning of nuclear power plants.