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The lecture notes are prepared in accordance with the programmes of the disciplines "Nanomaterials", "Methods of obtaining nanomaterials" and "Methods of studying nanostructures and nano-tools" for students of engineering specialities of higher educational institutions. The features of the synthesis of oxide nanoparticles, methods of research of synthesised materials, control of their structure and properties, areas of application, the influence of synthesis parameters on the formation of nanostructure properties, phase and structure formation of cermets, features of the formation of the structure and mechanical properties of ceramics are considered.