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In his late essay «Unrest in Culture» (1930), one of his most famous but also most complex works, Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) explores the dynamic and affective foundations of the cultural process. In the paradigm of the "second theory of drives" and the "second topic" - the structural theory of the mental apparatus - he rethinks and at the same time deepens his earlier ideas about the emergence and logic of culture and civilisation. The conceptual core is the observation that the development of culture is inevitably associated with the growth of guilt. The meta-psychologically based relationship between the culturally conditioned refusal to satisfy urges, the seclusion of the death drive, and the release of inner destructiveness is also closely traced. «Restlessness in Culture» is one of the most significant psychoanalytic contributions to cultural anthropology and one of the most influential works of our time.