This important topic in perinatology is getting its own issue for the first time. The Guest Editors have taken care to provide a full clinical overview in this issue. Articles are devoted to Feeding Practices and NEC; Prebiotics, Probiotics and Postbiotics; Clinical Presentations of NEC; Short Gut Syndrome in the NICU; NEC in Full-term Neonates; Lactoferrin and NEC; Altered Gut Microbiome and NEC; Inflammatory Signaling in NEC; Newer Monitoring Techniques (such as Near-Infrared Spectroscopy) to Determine the Risk of NEC; Surgical Treatment of NEC; Biomarkers of NEC; Intestinal Transplantation.