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In 2014, Russia illegally annexed Crimea, created a separatist movement in Donbas, and then attacked Ukraine with its regular army and special forces. In each instance of Russian aggression, the US response was criticised as inadequate, insufficient or indecisive.

The Moscow Factor is a unique examination of four key policy decisions in Washington. Whether two Republican and two Democratic administrations took Ukraine's status as a sovereign state into account when building relations with Russia, Fishel has the answer to a vexed question. The United States' position on Ukraine is placed in the broader context of international relations. Fischel's study fills a significant gap in current scholarly and policy discourse by focusing on the complex trilateral - not just bilateral - dynamics between the United States, Ukraine, and Russia from 1991-2016. For the first time, this book brings together documentary evidence and declassified policy discussions, retrospective articles authored by former policymakers, official memoirs by former senior officials, and interviews with them and returnees.