Microorganisms found in nature are involved in various processes essential to life. They differ from each other in the context of diverse mechanisms which they carry out such as carbon fixation, microbial photosynthesis, and nitrogen fixation, etc. Contributed by recognized leaders in the field, deploying information on microorganisms to the advantage of environmental management and other utilizations; this book is intended for researchers and students interested in microbial physiology, microbial ecology, environmental sciences, and extremophilic biotechnology.