This text is the first of its kind to bring together both the thermomechanics and mathematical analysis of Reiner-Rivlin fluids and fluids of grades 2 and 3 in a single book. Each part of the book can be considered as being self-contained. The first part of the book is devoted to a description of the mechanics, thermodynamics, and stability of flows of fluids of grade 2 and grade 3.  The second part of the book is dedicated to the development of rigorous mathematical results concerning the equations governing the motion of a family of fluids of the differential type.  Finally, the proofs of a number of useful results are collected in an appendix.