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The textbook covers theoretical and practical issues of mathematical processing of geodetic measurements, methods of calculating quantitative and qualitative characteristics of measured values. Mathematical methods from the theory of probability, mathematical statistics, error theory and the least squares method are used. The issues of determining the laws of distribution of measurement errors, criteria for assessing the accuracy of measurement results, statistical hypothesis testing and calculation of measurement accuracy are considered. The methods of alignment of plan and height geodetic networks, spatial linear-angular networks and satellite measurements, approximation of functions of measured values and modern methods of alignment of geodetic measurements are covered . The textbook will also be useful for scientists, graduate students and practicing engineers.