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Psycholinguistics is the science of the relationship between language and thinking, the influence of language on human mental development, and the psychological conditionality of language phenomena. It also studies the formation of linguistic consciousness, human activity as a linguistic personality, rooted in the mental national specificity of speech behaviour and social symbolism. The disclosure of these issues in the context of the latest achievements of psychological and linguistic science and in accordance with modern methodological requirements constitutes the conceptual basis, problem structure and content of the textbook. It is addressed to students of higher educational institutions. It will serve everyone who is interested in the psychological foundations of thinking, language development and human language activity.