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The book is the result of a study of the ways of human self-creation in the contexts of spirit, destiny, local and national civilisations, and the possibilities offered by Ukrainian culture. The research was guided by the concept of Sophia, which was introduced by the Greek-Slavic Orthodox civilisation as a principle of wisdom of being, sanctity of the native land, «joyful art», creativity, and an archetype of the Ukrainian mentality. The book covers the issues of the national revival of Ukraine, the peculiarities of transition processes, the characteristics of the Ukrainian mentality, including the attitudes of cordocentrism, personalism, Sophia, ontological optimism, ethics of being, the archetype of the Word and the Baroque paradigm. The definition of the very phenomenon of national mentality is revealed through the interpretation of symbolic formations: House, Field, and Temple. In this direction, the material studied is based on the issues of human existence and civilisational foundations of its development, the fate of national values in the transformational scheme: history - metahistory - posthistory, eidetics of Ukrainian culture.