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The materials of the textbook include the achievements in the history of education and upbringing from the standpoint of the socio-cultural approach in accordance with the History of Pedagogy programme for pedagogical universities. Taking into account the author's experience of the specifics of students' cognitive activity in the direction of personality-oriented learning, the types of practical, problematic and creative tasks and tests for self-control are developed. It is addressed to students and teachers of pedagogical universities, academies, institutes, colleges.