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The famous historian, ethnographer, and publicist A.O. Skalkovskyi (1808-1898) was one of the first to process archival materials on the history of the Zaporozhian Sich. In fact, he saved invaluable documents and testimonies of former Cossacks from complete disappearance. The facts mainly concern the Prydniprovia. The first part focuses on the origin of the Cossacks, the formation of the Zaporozhian grassroots army, provides interesting details about its composition, management, military readiness, judicial proceedings, church structure, social and household economy, trade, customs. The second and third parts are more generously documented with materials about the military campaigns of the Cossacks, their relations with the Poles, Turks, and Tatars. The main events up to the attack of the Sich in June 1775 and the fate of the Cossacks after the fall of Kosh on the Pidpylna River are covered. The work concludes with appendices that are included in the original. The work was translated into Ukrainian for the first time 150 years after the publication of the first edition. It is intended for the general reader.