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For the first time in the national scientific literature, the textbook presents the results of a study of the formation and further development of world and national economic thought, the formation and development of economic history in accordance with the new course structure. The authors, using the tools of the methodology of historicism, analysed the achievements of different countries through the prism of economic thought presented in equal periods of time by prominent scholars of the world. The purpose of the textbook is to summarise the historical aspects of the formation of economic science, covering the period from the twelfth millennium BC to the present day. The manual is built in accordance with the requirements of the credit-modular system. It contains chapter summaries, control and test questions, and is intended for students of higher education institutions studying the courses "History of Economics and Economic Thought", "History of Economic Doctrines", "Economic History", masters, postgraduate students, and teachers. The manual can be useful for a wide range of readers.