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The textbook examines the evolution of economics and economic thought from the period of formation of world civilisations to the present in their close interconnection and interdependence. Evolutionary and sometimes revolutionary changes are traced in the context of organisational forms of economy, production methods, property relations, mechanisms of interaction between economic agents, social structure of society, forms and methods of state intervention in economic processes, as well as theoretical achievements of scientific schools, ideas and achievements of prominent economists. The author makes extensive use of a brief (thesis) presentation of the material. All sections of the textbook contain a list of key concepts, conclusions and control tasks - problem questions and tests that allow students to orientate themselves in their independent work on studying the course material and to exercise self-control over its mastering, and teachers - to replenish the base of individual educational and research tasks and tasks for current and final control of students' academic achievements. A glossary of terms, a name index, and a bibliography are provided. For students of economic specialities of higher educational institutions.