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The Ethics is one of the most famous works of the outstanding Dutch philosopher of Portuguese origin Benedictus de Spinoza (lat. Benedictus de Spinoza, port. Bento de Espinosa, 1632-1677).

A thinking person is a part of God, who, according to the author, is devoid of anthropomorphism. Thus, the philosophy of «Ethics» is materialism.

Spinoza's other works include A Short Treatise on God, Man and His Happiness, A Treatise on the Improvement of Reason, A Theological and Political Treatise, and The Foundations of Descartes' Philosophy Proved Geometrically.

Benedict Spinoza is the founder of the doctrine of a single substance, which is divided into two main attributes, namely, extension and thinking.