This book is about how hunter-gatherer groups maintained a relationship with the use and management of fire in the Late Holocene of Southern Precordillera. The line of study developed here as part of the anthracology made use of methodologically systematic analysis of the remains of charcoal from the archaeological site Alero Deodoro Roca B. This industry focused on a time frame of ca. 1900 years AP to ca.3900 years AP. Studies carried out in the Alero Deodoro Roca allow us to understand, on the one hand, the different methods of preservation of charcoal record in the succession of combustion events, and, secondly, to discuss the variability of species present within the composition of the flora in the paleoenvironment. Functional association is proposed for various uses; as a source of heat, cooking, and preparation of raw materials among the possibilities.