This text presents a range of topics from the molecular events surrounding hormone actions to epidemiologic studies of the effects of environmental and occupational chemicals on reproductive organs. The endocrine systems covered include the adrenal cortex, thyroid and parathyroid, gonads, and the endocrine pancreas. Of particular importance are the chapters covering the general characteristics of the estrogen receptors and the androgen receptors. The book also describes some of the underlying toxic mechanisms involving pancreatic B cells and metal-induced changes in male sex accessory glands.