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The textbook presents the basics of the concept of economic theory, alternative views of various economic schools. The content of economic laws and categories that reflect the essence, formation and development of socio-economic systems, as well as the prospects for their evolution in developed countries in the late XX - early XXI century is covered. The essence and significance of the positive experience of the development of Western socio-economic systems for the formation of a social market economy in Ukraine are revealed. The textbook attempts to present a course of economic theory for higher education institutions, taking into account the experience of educational institutions in the USA, England and others, and reveals modern methods of economic research in a new way. The content and structure of the textbook meet the requirements of the state standard of education. The experience of teaching economic theory in universities and other higher educational institutions of Ukraine is revealed.